This guide explains where R&E issues are relevant to pension schemes and the work of pensions actuaries. It is a first attempt at helping pensions actuaries to assist their clients in navigating the uncertainties associated with R&E issues, in collaboration with covenant and investment advisers. Supplementary reports will be published which provide more technical detail on how R&E issues might impact on covenant assessments, funding advice and mortality. This guide is intended to raise awareness of the topic, encourage discussion and prompt further research. It is aimed at actuaries advising UK trust-based defined benefit pension schemes, although some of the material is also relevant for actuaries advising other types of pension schemes and in other jurisdictions.